COMMAGENE, ZEUGMA, Philip II, 247-249 AD, bronze minor

DescriptionZeugma refers to a bridge of boats that was in use to cross the Euphrates river there. If you google it you find that it is used as the name of a rhetorical device.Commagene was ancient southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria. The history is complicated. It had major trade routes and was conquered many times.The Romans, as they were building their empire, preferred to let the local coinage arrangements remain in place. As they developed their political system into the Cult of Personality that was the Empire, they started putting imperial portraits on the local coins. Later, as the Empire began to shrink, they preferred to centralize their coinage operations, eliminating local control. There were also allied and client states, some of which, at times, issued coins celebrating the alliance or subservience. The main catalog reference for these coins on this web site is Greek Imperial Coins and their Values, by David Sear.“Ancient Coins” includes Greek and Roman coins and those of neighbors and successors, geographically from Morocco and Spain all the way to Afghanistan. Date ranges for these begin with the world’s earliest coins of the 8th century BC to, in an extreme case, the end of Byzantine Empire, 1453 AD.